You should create a Hugo project with your content structure, and then share it here with specific questions you have. Otherwise folks are just going to link to various docs that explain the concepts of permalinks and content structure.
My main project in russian and not ready for publish. =)
I created example structure, for demonstrate problem
For example page https://github.com/hugoFan1/example-site/tree/master/example/content/articles/mikrotik-pptp produces URL example+com/articles/mikrotik/. If I will write a lot of articles about microtik in future and move this articles into /content/mikrotik/ directory, then URL changes to example+com/mikrotik/mikrotik-pptp. I find way to avoid it (my main goal is stable URL).
Using “slug” parameter with every page is very difficult, because I have a hundreds articles. And It is redundantly, because slug is full copy of path in file system in my case.
I can write script for copy every 2-level subpage in /content directory. But it breaks setting “Type” and “Section” for my posts. I want to use this function.
As mentioned, you could use a slug in your front matter to get what you want. Since you have many articles to edit, you could write a script that parses the file path of the content and then adds it to the slug.