Please see this reference If hugo have some chinese attributes for asciidoctor, asciidoctor throw error · Issue #4351 · asciidoctor/asciidoctor · GitHub
Hugo passes a Chinese string instead of a UTF_8 string, which causes the problem.
But if hugo use node_modules/.bin/asciidoctor, no problem occurred
I fixed by modify asciidoctor source code, but hugo can parse utf_8 to asciidoctor is better