It is possible to arrange my shortcodes with arbitrary directory structure, e.g., i would like to create shortcodes in a directory structure to correspond with the post, e.g., under layouts/shortcodes/post/post-title/shortcode1.html. This is for organizational purposes.
As far as I know, this isn’t possible. But it’s easy to test: just move a shortcode to /layouts/shortcodes/testdir/ and see if referencing the shortcode in the content file still works.
Not sure if you intend to organise shortcodes like this, but just to prevent confusion/miscommunication: you know that shortcodes are typically used for needs that arise in multiple posts? That is, you’d use a generic shortcode for inserting an image but won’t create a specific shortcode for each post (in the majority of cases).
If you have specific code that should only generate for that particular post title, it’s probably easier to just include that code in your content file.