For example, we have a resource_link shortcode (simplified implementation below). We want it to be able to (1) render a markdown title, and (2) the markdown title should support shortcodes, like subscripts and superscripts.
No, it is not. And the restriction is not limited to nested shortcodes.
When you invoke a shortcode with the {{% %}} notation, any raw HTML will be omitted unless you set markup.goldmark.renderer.unsafe to true in your site configuration. For example…
{{< foo >}}
Some **bold** text.
{{< /foo >}}
{{% foo %}}
Some **bold** text.
{{% /foo %}}
rendered
<div>Some <strong>bold</strong> text.</div>
<!-- raw HTML omitted -->
When you invoke a shortcode with the {{% %}} notation, any raw HTML will be omitted unless you set markup.goldmark.renderer.unsafe to true in your site configuration.
Using the unsafe option is only unsafe if you are not in control of the content that is created on your site.
I am now clear that {{% ... %}} will discard any HTML inside, even if that was rendered by a shortcode. (This still seems a little odd to me, since I think of {{%...%}} as rendering markdown, and I also think of shortcodes as part of markdown in Hugo.)
It sounds like our best option at the moment for markdown + shortcodes within a shortcode