Is it possible getting the current url, but I need to use shortcode. The Hugo has an option such as
{{ .Site.BaseURL }}, But I need to get the whole URL of the current page.
Where do you want to use the URL? Inside of a piece of content or inside a template? For the latter you have .URL. Depending on the content you want to retrieve the URL from you need to get the content first. If you want to link to the final URL of the content itself, then you probably need to define your own shortcode which retrieves the URL and returns it to render it in a template.