The most versatile way to achieve the above -provided of course that you do not worry about the Data Collecting practices of Google- would be indeed to use a Google form to populate a Google Spreadsheet with the respective parameters.
THEN (and this is the magic part)
Use this extension to output the Google sheet as a JSON.
As you posted above, indeed you can build a pipeline outside Hugo to schedule access to this Google sheet JSON and then re-build the website.