You could organise your content with one language per directory: Multilingual mode | Hugo
content/en/f33/
content/en/f34/
content/de/f33/
content/de/f34/
You could also have a look at how other docs sites manage their content versions. Kubernetes for example keeps each version as its own branch, and build them each, then link to each other. (Not affiliated or involved, so don’t know much more than this).
Then from within any page you can use .AllTranslations to get a list of other languages: Multilingual mode | Hugo
Here’s a thread with a couple more sites that also use Hugo. Maybe some of them can help/give you inspiration: "Do any of you know any major sites that use Hugo?"
Taxonomies are probably more helpful than data files here, especially if you want to have attribute pages generated.
For example, having a geography taxonomy and want to see all pages from geography/europe/
It’s usually a lot easier to get help once you have a rough skeleton of a Hugo site already set up, because then we can give specific advice about what you could do.