I am not sure if “Quoting” is the main part of the request here, I guess it’s more about “How do I add syntax in Markdown that does not get parsed” maybe.
In that case there is a shortcode called highlight that does exactly what ``` does and can be configured to do other stuff.
Another solution would be to create your own shortcode template.
Last thing to know: If you use 6 backticks and a newline then everything between two of those 6-backticks will be shown as is.
So if you need your code to be transformed somehow (markdownify?) then create your own shortcode and use highlight as a function on it.
If none of these answers fits then feel free to add a code sample of what you want to achieve so we can understand your requirements.