Actually what you are asking is possible with an old hack that predates the development of disableKinds in Hugo.
First of all I recommend that you familiarize yourself with Hugo’s lookup order for taxonomy list pages
Then remove the disableKinds parameter from your project’s configuration.
Based on your sample repo that you posted over here under /layouts/ create a directory called categories and then within this directory create an empty file called list.html
The empty list template for categories will disable the generation of all list pages for this taxonomy, but at the same time you will still be able to access the taxonomy terms as described in my post in your other topic.
Note that whenever you execute hugo server locally the disabled taxonomy list pages will show up as empty white pages in the browser, but when the site is deployed online these pages will throw a 404.
As I said above this is an old hack. It’s been there since at least 2015.
Usually we do not prescribe hacks since we don’t know if/when they might be disabled.
Still for the scenario you described this is the only way to achieve what you want and I have been using this hack myself in at least one project of mine without any issues.